Category: High yield Topics
Refractory period
Absolute refractory period: No stimulus, regardless of its strength, will excite the nerve. It spans from the time the firing level is reached until repolarization is approximately one-third complete. Basis:…
Membrane receptors
G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Subtype Effect 2nd Messenger Action Gs Activates adenylate cyclase Stimulation of cAMP production Activates protein kinase A Gi Inhibits adenylate cyclase Inhibition of cAMP production Gq…
Blood Supply of Internal Capsule
Blood Supply of Internal Capsule: Anterior Limb: Recurrent Artery of Heubner Genu: Recurrent Artery of Heubner Charcot’s Artery (Lenticulostriate Artery or Artery of Cerebral Hemorrhage) Posterior Limb: Charcot’s Artery (Branch…
Epithelium : Types & functions
Simple Squamous Epithelium: Location: Found in the air sacs of lungs and the lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels. Function: Allows for the passage of materials by diffusion…
Cells of the Epidermis
Cells of the Epidermis: Keratinocytes: Origin and Location: Derived from ectoderm, present in all layers of the epidermis (90-95% of all epidermal cells). Characteristic Features: Rich in intermediate filaments called…
Layers of the Cerebellar Cortex
Layers of the Cerebellar Cortex: Molecular Layer: Outermost layer. Contains stellate cells and basket cells. Functions: Receive excitatory input from parallel fibers. Form inhibitory synapses on Purkinje cells. Appearance: Pale…
DiGeorge Syndrome
DiGeorge Syndrome: Cellular immunodeficiency disorder caused by deletion of a segment of chromosome 22 (22q11), affecting endodermal derivatives of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches. Clinical Features (Remembered by CATCH):…